Hamlet Is The Longest Of Shakespeare s Plays Written...

Hamlet is the longest of Shakespeare’s plays written during the Elizabethan era in which the title character seeks revenge on his fathers’ death by Claudius. Consisting of 5 Acts, the first act contains 5 scenes. The first scene of Act 1 (the opening scene) illustrates an atmosphere full of fear and ghosts. Bernardo and Francisco both appear to be on edge. When Bernardo asks, â€Å" Who’s there?† Francisco responds, â€Å"Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.† The scene is immediately set and widespread throughout the entire play, a play filled with uneasiness of what is an illusion and what is actually true. When the ghost appears, Marcellus urges Bernardo and Horatio to be quiet, making sure the ghost is really there. In this first scene,†¦show more content†¦The play takes place within the walls of Elsinore Castle, which Hamlet later describes as a prison; this is for the entirety of the play. In scene 2, Claudius is aggressive and it becomes clear that he will be Hamlet’s chief rival. Claudius is quick to show dominance over young Hamlet, and Hamlet appears passive to this. Gertrude, (King Claudius’ wife) and Claudius want Hamlet to forget about his dead father, but Hamlet says his appearance, even in his all black clothing doesn’t reflect the amount of grief he feels. Claudius’ character is very clear in which he is calculating (he uses his words carefully.) He refers to Gertrude as ‘our sometime sister, now our Queen, the imperial jointress to this warlike state’, even though Gertrude was the wife of Hamlets father and Claudius’ very own brother. He addresses Hamlet and calls him ‘cousin Hamlet and my son’. Claudius is well aware of his decisions, his descriptive names for his family prove so, and he is also aware of what others may think of him and his actions. He accuses Hamlet of ‘impious stubbornne ss’ suggests that Hamlet is not good enough to be a King. This is a way of Claudius to excuse his behavior to take over his dead brother’s throne, a throne that belongs to Hamlet. To reinforce Claudius’ power over Hamlet, he calls him ‘my cousin and my son’. Hamlet views the relationship between his mother Gertrude and uncle

Description of the Whole Nike T90 Laser III Advertisement...

What is the main thing that a soccer player wants in his/her game? A perfect pair of soccer shoe for his game. Shoes that give them full control over the ball with a perfect accuracy that help him to soccer a goal. In my opinion, Nike did an excellent job in making their advertisement about their new T90 III laser soccer shoe. The main theme of the Nike – T90 III shoes in the advertisement, â€Å"Nike – Hit the Target,† is no matter how good you play or how famous you are in the soccer world. You still need a pair of shoe that will help in gaining control over the soccer ball and give you accuracy with speed. In a soccer game if you have proper gear, you are more likely to play well. Also, it provide a great confidence on player playing.†¦show more content†¦Then, the highest scorer will go through to the Sunday’s final and take on a top Premier League player for the crown. This campaign was created at Wieden + Kennedy London by creative Phil Monk ns and Mike Cuthell with the agency producer James Guy. DESCRIPTION Nike is promoting the T90 Laser III soccer boots in â€Å"Hit the Target,† an online advertising campaign went live on television during the Carling Cup semifinal between Manchester United and Manchester City. Wayne Rooney, top scorer of the Premier League, wearing the brightly colored green and red soccer boots, takes on the challenges of optical illusions produced by laser lights, which was controlled by Liverpool’s Fernando Torres. A dark room is shown, which becomes a goal kick practice area and a red LED strip appears, which becomes their goal post. When Rooney tries to hit a goal, a green colored laser light appears, and cuts down the soccer ball in pieces. The whole back ground is black. Then the main focus of the camera goes to the new T90 III shoes by Nike. Techno Dub Step music makes the ad livelier. While Rooney tries to shoot the ball towards the goal post, Torres tries to stop the ball with the laser system, which he is controlling with the help of c omputer in the background. Rooney hits the soccer ball on the control panel of the laser to shut it down. Torres take its revenge by making a four layer

Labelling Theory Free Essays

string(45) " one of disillusionment with the government\." Labeling theory had its origins in Suicide, a book by French sociologist Emile Durkheim. He found that crime is not so much a violation of a penal code as it is an act that outrages society. He was the first to suggest that deviant labeling satisfies that function and satisfies society’s need to control the behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Labelling Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a contributor to American Pragmatism and later a member of the Chicago School, George Herbert Mead posited that the self is socially constructed and reconstructed through the interactions which each person has with the community. The labeling theory suggests that people obtain labels from how others view their tendencies or behaviors. Each individual is aware of how they are judged by others because he or she has attempted many different roles and functions in social interactions and has been able to gauge the reactions of those present. This theoretically builds a subjective conception of the self, but as others intrude into the reality of that individual’s life, this represents objective data which may require a re-evaluation of that conception depending on the authoritativeness of the others’ judgment. Family and friends may judge differently from random strangers. More socially representative individuals such as police officers or judges may be able to make more globally respected judgments. If deviance is a failure to conform to the rules observed by most of the group, the reaction of the group is to label the person as having offended against their social or moral norms of behavior. This is the power of the group: to designate breaches of their rules as deviant and to treat the person differently depending on the seriousness of the breach. The more differential the treatment, the more the individual’s self-image is affected. Labeling theory concerns itself mostly not with the normal roles that define our lives, but with those very special roles that society provides for deviant behavior, called deviant roles, stigmatic roles, or social stigma. A social role is a set of expectations we have about a behavior. Social roles are necessary for the organization and functioning of any society or group. We expect the postman, for example, to adhere to certain fixed rules about how he does his job. Deviance† for a sociologist does not mean morally wrong, but rather behavior that is condemned by society. Deviant behavior can include both criminal and non-criminal activities. Investigators found that deviant roles powerfully affect how we perceive those who are assigned those roles. They also affect how the deviant actor perceives himself and his relationship to society. The deviant roles and the labels attached to th em function as a form of social stigma. Always inherent in the deviant role is the attribution of some form of â€Å"pollution† or difference that marks the labeled person as different from others. Society uses these stigmatic roles to them to control and limit deviant behavior: â€Å"If you proceed in this behavior, you will become a member of that group of people. † Whether a breach of a given rule will be stigmatized will depend on the significance of the moral or other tenet it represents. For example, adultery may be considered a breach of an informal rule or it may be criminalized depending on the status of marriage, morality, and religion within the community. In most Western countries, adultery is not a crime. Attaching the label â€Å"adulterer† may have some unfortunate consequences but they are not generally severe. But in some Islamic countries, zina is a crime and proof of extramarital activity may lead to severe consequences for all concerned. Stigma is usually the result of laws enacted against the behavior. Laws protecting slavery or outlawing homosexuality, for instance, will over time form deviant roles connected with those behaviors. Those who are assigned those roles will be seen as less human and reliable. Deviant roles are the sources of negative stereotypes, which tend to support society’s disapproval of the behavior. [edit]George Herbert Mead One of the founders of social interactionism, George Herbert Mead focused on the internal processes of how the mind constructs one’s self-image. In Mind, Self, and Society (1934),[1] he showed how infants come to know persons first and only later come to know things. According to Mead, thought is both a social and pragmatic process, based on the model of two persons discussing how to solve a problem. Our self-image is, in fact, constructed of ideas about what we think others are thinking about us. While we make fun of those who visibly talk to themselves, they have only failed to do what the rest of us do in keeping the internal conversation to ourselves. Human behavior, Mead stated, is the result of meanings created by the social interaction of conversation, both real and imaginary. [edit]Frank Tannenbaum Frank Tannenbaum is considered the grandfather of labeling theory. His Crime and Community (1938),[2] describing the social interaction involved in crime, is considered a pivotal foundation of modern criminology. While the criminal differs little or not at all from others in the original impulse to first commit a crime, social interaction accounts for continued acts that develop a pattern of interest to sociologists. Tannenbaum first introduced the idea of ‘tagging’. [3] While conducting his studies with delinquent youth, he found that a negative tag or label often contributed to further involvement in delinquent activities. This initial tagging may cause the individual to adopt it as part of their identity. The crux of Tannenbaum’s argument is that the greater the attention placed on this label, the more likely the person is to identify themselves as the label. Kerry Townsend writes about the revolution in criminology caused by Tannenbaum’s work: â€Å"The roots of Frank Tannenbaum’s theoretical model, known as the â€Å"dramatization of evil† or labeling theory, surfaces in the mid- to late-thirties. At this time, the ‘New Deal’ legislation had not defeated the woes of the Great Depression, and, although dwindling, immigration into the United States continued (Sumner, 1994). 4] The social climate was one of disillusionment with the government. You read "Labelling Theory" in category "Papers" The class structure was one of cultural isolationism; cultural relativity had not yet taken hold. ‘The persistence of the class structure, despite the welfare reforms and controls over big business, was unmistakable. ‘[5] The Positivist School o f Criminological thought was still dominant, and in many states, the sterilization movement was underway. The emphasis on biological determinism and internal explanations of crime were the preeminent force in the theories of the early thirties. This dominance by the Positivist School changed in the late thirties with the introduction of conflict and social explanations of crime and criminality†¦ â€Å"One of the central tenets of the theory is to encourage the end of labeling process. In the words of Frank Tannenbaum, â€Å"the way out is through a refusal to dramatize the evil†, the justice system attempts to do this through diversion programs. The growth of the theory and its current application, both practical and theoretical, provide a solid foundation for continued popularity. [6]: [edit]Edwin Lemert It was sociologist Edwin Lemert (1951) who introduced the concept of â€Å"secondary deviance. † The primary deviance is the experience connected to the overt behavior, say drug addiction and its practical demands and consequences. Secondary deviation is the role created to deal with society’s condemnation of the behavior. With other sociologists of his time, he saw how all deviant acts are socia l acts, a result of the cooperation of society. In studying drug addiction, Lemert observed a very powerful and subtle force at work. Besides the physical addiction to the drug and all the economic and social disruptions it caused, there was an intensely intellectual process at work concerning one’s own identity and the justification for the behavior: â€Å"I do these things because I am this way. † There might be certain subjective and personal motives that might first lead a person to drink or shoplift. But the activity itself tells us little about the person’s self-image or its relationship to the activity. Lemert writes: â€Å"His acts are repeated and organized subjectively and transformed into active roles and become the social criteria for assigning status†¦.. When a person begins to employ his deviant behavior or a role based on it as a means of defense, attack, or adjustment to the overt and covert problems created by the consequent societal reaction to him, his deviation is secondary† [7] [edit]Howard Becker While it was Lemert who introduced the key concepts of labeling theory, it was Howard Becker who became their champion. He first began describing the process of how a person adopts a deviant role in a study of dance musicians, with whom he once worked. He later studied the identity formation of marijuana smokers. This study was the basis of his Outsiders published in 1963. This work became the manifesto of the labeling theory movement among sociologists. In his opening, Becker writes: â€Å"†¦ social groups create deviance by making rules whose infraction creates deviance, and by applying those roles to particular people and labeling them as outsiders. From this point of view, deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by other of rules and sanctions to an ‘offender. ‘ The deviant is one to whom that label has been successfully applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label. [8] While society uses the stigmatic label to justify its condemnation, the deviant actor uses it to justify his actions. He wrote: â€Å"To put a complex argument in a few words: instead of the deviant motives leading to the deviant behavior, it is the other way around, the deviant behavior in time produces the deviant motivation. â€Å"[9] Becker’s immensely popular views were also su bjected to a barrage of criticism, most of it blaming him for neglecting the influence of other biological, genetic effects and personal responsibility. In a later 1973 edition of his work, he answered his critics. He wrote that while sociologists, while dedicated to studying society, are often careful not to look too closely. Instead, he wrote: â€Å"I prefer to think of what we study as collective action. People act, as Mead and Blumer have made clearest, together. They do what they do with an eye on what others have done, are doing now, and may do in the future. One tries to fit his own line of action into the actions of others, just as each of them likewise adjusts his own developing actions to what he sees and expects others to do. [10] Francis Cullen reported in 1984 that Becker was probably too generous with his critics. After 20 years, his views, far from being supplanted, have been corrected and absorbed into an expanded â€Å"structuring perspective. â€Å"[11] [edit]Albert Memmi In The Colonizer and the Colonized (1965) Albert Memmi described the deep psychological effects of the social stigma created by the domination of one group by another. He wrote: â€Å"The longer the oppression lasts, the more profoundly it affects him (the oppressed). It ends by becoming so familiar to him that he believes it is part of his own constitution, that he accepts it and could not imagine his recovery from it. This acceptance is the crowning point of oppression. â€Å"[12] In Dominated Man (1968), Memmi turned his attention to the motivation of stigmatic labeling: it justifies the exploitation or criminalization of the victim. He wrote: â€Å"Why does the accuser feel obliged to accuse in order to justify himself? Because he feels guilty toward his victim. Because he feels that his attitude and his behavior are essentially unjust and fraudulent†¦. Proof? In almost every case, the punishment has already been inflicted. The victim of racism is already living under the weight of disgrace and oppression†¦. In order to justify such punishment and misfortune, a process of rationlization is set in motion, by which to explain the ghetto and colonial exploitation. â€Å"[13] Central to stigmatic labeling is the attribution of an inherent fault: It is as if one says, â€Å"There must be something wrong with these people. Otherwise, why would we treat them so badly? † [edit]Erving Goffman Perhaps the most important contributor to labeling theory was Erving Goffman, President of the American Sociological Association, and one of America’s most cited sociologists. His most popular books include The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life,[14] Interaction Ritual, [15] and Frame Analysis. [16] His most important contribution to labeling theory, however, was Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity published in 1963. [17] Unlike other authors who examined the process of adopting a deviant identity, Goffman explored the ways people managed that identity and controlled information about it. How to cite Labelling Theory, Papers

Aging Matter for Journal of Adolescent Health- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAging Matter for Journal of Adolescent Health. Answer: Work Goals Dont Retire, Repurpose Your Life age makes no difference, beautiful lines expresses in the book called THE CHANGE expressed that there is no end of anything whatever your age could be. Keep learning what you love to do, keep doing what to love to do. Life is such a wonderful blessing. There are those who have really tough challenges to deal with and you could help them. You could read in the library to small children. You might love art, so volunteer to talk about your favourite artist. If you enjoy visiting, go sit with a Vet, a person who has to be cared for, or makes it hard for the spouse or care giver to go out an hour alone. You can read to them, just visit, or really make yourself of help to others by just being there. As I love to work and increase knowledge, so after my age of 65 I still want to learn new theories and will work.(Paul, 2014) I try to rejuvenate myself but I know I cant do as I was doing during my adulthood. There are many factors that influenced me to achieve my goals. These factors are: Health: My body is not that energetic what I feel from inside. I need to take regular intakes in order to maintain my energy level. I digestion capacity reduced day by day, eating junk food will not help me either. Medicines: I used to take medicines only when I am not well at my young age, even I refused to do so n recover automatically but now I need to take medicines on regular interval to keep myself ready to live routine life. Mind: Now my mind is mature and practical enough to understand every little thing, so as during my young age I never back step to accept challenges but now I am little bit afraid just because of my age factor. Another key to stay healthy and keep the heart healthy is by being happy always and keeping the stress away from me. Chronic diseases: It depends upon the heredity or the living conditions of the person, some have one chronic disease while others have many. It could be followed after a test taken by the doctor which can show us the report as how can we keep ourself healthy and fit. Digestive system: Person is suffering from many digestive disorders about 40% of the time, they are like inability to eat proper diet, problem in swallowing, bleeding, constipation etc Eyesight: There is reduction in the ability of the person to read or locate objects. After 50 most of the people is suffering from presbiopia while after 80 by the cataract. Heart: Heart becomes less efficient comparatively which results in loss of stamina and can result into serious problems in future. However, to prevent this at first it is necessary to be aware with our health. Iam trying to bring some much needed changes in my life and settling into a new life style. I sleep properly, exercise in the proper amount and I eat only healthy food. I eat healthy. I take orange for fibre, vitamin C, low fat cheddar cheese and avocado slices for lunch with a low fat yogurt parfait with blueberries, strawberries and bananas for dessert. I forgot about the nuts for snacking, nuts are nutritious and supposed to contain the good kind of fat. I forgot about the two cups of veggie crunch sticks each afternoon maybe I need to cut those veggie crunch sticks out. Ill eat more high fibre and other foods that are supposed to help lower LDL. I am excited about the changes Ive made. Its good time to revisit my goals which I have already set during my adulthood. As I was very busy in work and earning money, running in race of settling myself I left few things which I love to do. So I have already planned to do all these things after my retirement. Involving in activities like yoga and meditation will surely help in improving my mental health. I love to do yoga. Yoga is one of the best ways to focus ones mind and remove stress. When I am unable to visit my Yoga classes I practice at my home and meditate. Life Long Learning As long the life goes on the period of learning extends each time with it. The stage of life is a classroom and we get to learn something or other throughout our life. Education is the most important pillar of the life of an individual. It gives direction to the human life. Even if I am 65years old I want to persue my dreams.I want to sudy, as we use to say that there is no age for the study. So I want to complete my degrees and education qualifications. Books are my best friends they never give worries they always give knowledge and spend time with the human being very sincerely. They never ditch with their thoughts.Although the of the age group 60-80 enjoys their life in the most richest manner but the main drawback is body failure and their depence on others. One of the biggest problems that can hamper achievement of goal is financial crisis. Even with the increase in aging the problem sustains. So a few steps can resolve the problem and help save a person from financial crisis..This age is usually associated with the time when many medical and pension benefits are available. It will help to gain the advantage of the situations that were analysed beforehand to prevent any further crisis. Before finally retiring from the job it is needed to ensure that the savings are enough to continue with the daily activities and the problems are can be solved with the saved money. . The monetary related issue is one of the essential issue that can occur at any point of life at any where. For this purpose it is necessary to understand and be ready for the situation that may arise in future. The benfits of the money saved while in the retirement period can prove out to be an advantageous decision made early in the life. Responsibilities Towards Family Research shows that retirement doesnt necessarily mean that the responsibilities towards the family come to an end. Although many retirees will still be remember the time when they first stop working. Increasingly, we were seeing retirement incomes being extended in ways that would not have seemed likely a generation ago. Numerous monetary dependants and multi-generational households are additional motives why saving as much as possible as early as possible, and seeking specialised economic advice, are vital for those preparing for retirement.Providing a financial support is very important but after retirement people used to get afraid of the situation as they will beable to provide the same helping hand to their family or not. (Paul, 2014) Transportation helps the person to move from one place to another. The person who dont have personal vehicle can easily move from one place to another during his past but after retirement moving through public bus or any other mode is not suitable even driving two wheeler is also not safe for the person. The person should have four wheeler in order to move, the maintanence of four wheeler is costly as compares to other mentioned modes and financially already the person is in risk. So having proper means of transport impacts highly on the fulfilment of family responsibilities. After considering all my financial issues I come up with various of the concerns regarding my decisions in life related to financial decision. Some of my plannings and check lists are listed below: Capital Preservation: Capital conservancy means security and protection. CDs, Treasury retreats and reserves bonds do pay interest, however they are all backed by the full confidence and credit. Cash reserves of insurance carrier is sometimes backed with annuities which causes the fund investor to become insolvent. Investment: Investment seeks as a mode of payment in the aging period. This might confront to some of the risks but the preferred utility stocks, corporate and municipal bonds brings up higher rates of income. In addition, annuities also provide income with guarantee and some restrictions offered inside the contract (Cussen, 2017). Planning: Planning is another significant decision that needs to be taken each time there is a need of such decisions. planning is important to be done in each process as it helps to understand the consequences and the profits that might be upcoming with the situation. there is a need with the planning in the period of aging as it will help to feature the solution before hand. Tax Reduction:Tax reduction is itself explainable. there is simply a goal to decrease the income levy bill of any of the investment policy being used. As if for a saving as growth investor for the the purpose of retirement. in such case it can be useful to use an individual retirement account (IRA) or a tax referred plan. annuities are also kind of tax-deferral plans (Cussen, 2017). References Bernheim, B. D. (1987). Dissaving after retirement: Testing the pure life cycle hypothesis. In Issues in pension economics . University of Chicago Press. Blinder, A. S., Gordon, R. H., Wise, D. E. (1983). Social Security, bequests and the life cycle theory of saving: cross-sectional tests. In The determinants of national saving and wealth . Palgrave Macmillan, London. Bradley, B, Green, AC. Do Health and Education Agencies in the United States Share Responsibility for Academic Achievement and Health? A Review of 25 years of Evidence About the Relationship of Adolescents Academic Achievement and Health Behaviors, Journal of Adolescent Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Association Between School-based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. Danziger, S., Van Der Gaag, J., Smolensky, E., Taussig, M. K. (1982). The life-cycle hypothesis and the consumption behavior of the elderly. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. Davies, J. B. (1981). Uncertain lifetime, consumption, and dissaving in retirement. Journal of political Economy. Diamond, P. A., Hausman, J. A. (1984). Individual retirement and savings behavior. Journal of Public Economics. Ekerdt, D. J. (1986). The busy ethic: Moral continuity between work and retirement. The Gerontologist. Hamermesh, D. S. (1982). Consumption during retirement: The missing link in the life cycle. Hubbard, R. G. (1986). Pension wealth and individual saving: Some new evidence. Journal of money, credit and banking. McKenzie, FD, Richmond, JB. Linking health and learning: An overview of coordinated school health programs. In: Marx E, Wooley SF, Northrop D, eds. Health is Academic: A Guide to Coordinated School Health Programs. New York, NY: Teachers College Press; 1998. Mirer, T. W. (1979). The wealth-age relation among the aged. The American Economic Review.